Most Useful Git Commands

Useful Log
git log –pretty=format:”[%an]|%h|%ad|%s|%d” –date=short

Set your details
git config –global user.name “John Doe”
git config –global user.email “[email protected]
Use –global to set the configuration for all projects. If git config is used without –global and run inside a project directory, the settings are set for the specific project.

Make git ignore file modes
cd project/
git config core.filemode false
This option is useful if the file permissions are not important to us, for example when we are on Windows.

See your settings
git config –list

Initialize a git repository for existing code
cd existing-project/
git init

Clone a remote repository
git clone https://github.com/user/repository.git
This creates a new directory with the name of the repository.

Clone a remote repository in the current directory
git clone https://github.com/user/repository.git .
Get help for a specific git command
git help clone

Update and merge your current branch with a remote
cd repository/
git pull origin master
Where origin is the remote repository, and master the remote branch.
If you don’t want to merge your changes, use git fetch

View remote urls
git remote -v

Change origin url
git remote set-url origin http//github.com/repo.git

Add remote
git remote add remote-name https://github.com/user/repo.git

See non-staged (non-added) changes to existing files
git diff
Note that this does not track new files.

See staged, non-commited changes
git diff –cached

See differences between local changes and master
git diff origin/master
Note that origin/master is one local branch, a shorthand for refs/remotes/origin/master, which is the full name of the remote-tracking branch.

See differences between two commits
git diff COMMIT1_ID COMMIT2_ID

See the files changed between two commits
git diff –name-only COMMIT1_ID COMMIT2_ID

See the files changed in a specific commit
git diff-tree –no-commit-id –name-only -r COMMIT_ID
or

git show –pretty=”format:” –name-only COMMIT_ID
source: http://stackoverflow.com/a/424142/1391963

See diff before push
git diff –cached origin/master

See details (log message, text diff) of a commit
git show COMMIT_ID

Check the status of the working tree (current branch, changed files…)
git status

Make some changes, commit them
git add changed_file.txt
git add folder-with-changed-files/
git commit -m “Commiting changes”

Rename/move and remove files
git rm removeme.txt tmp/crap.txt
git mv file_oldname.txt file_newname.txt
git commit -m “deleting 2 files, renaming 1”

Change message of last commit
git commit –amend -m “New commit message”
Push local commits to remote branch
git push origin master

See recent commit history
git log

See commit history for the last two commits
git log -2

See commit history for the last two commits, with diff
git log -p -2

See commit history printed in single lines
git log –pretty=oneline

Revert one commit, push it
git revert dd61ab21
git push origin master

Revert to the moment before one commit
# reset the index to the desired tree
git reset 56e05fced

# move the branch pointer back to the previous HEAD
git reset –soft HEAD@{1}

git commit -m “Revert to 56e05fced”

# Update working copy to reflect the new commit
git reset –hard
Source: http://stackoverflow.com/q/1895059/1391963

Undo last commit, preserving local changes
git reset –soft HEAD~1

Undo last commit, without preserving local changes
git reset –hard HEAD~1

Undo last commit, preserving local changes in index
git reset –mixed HEAD~1
Or git reset HEAD~1
See also http://stackoverflow.com/q/927358/1391963

Undo non-pushed commits
git reset origin/master

Reset to remote state
git fetch origin
git reset –hard origin/master

See local branches
git branch

See all branches
git branch -a

Make some changes, create a patch
git diff > patch-issue-1.patch

Add a file and create a patch
git add newfile
git diff –staged > patch-issue-2.patch

Add a file, make some changes, and create a patch
git add newfile
git diff HEAD > patch-issue-2.patch

Make a patch for a commit
git format-patch COMMIT_ID

Make patches for the last two commits
git format-patch HEAD~2

Make patches for all non-pushed commits
git format-patch origin/master

Create patches that contain binary content
git format-patch –binary –full-index origin/master

Apply a patch
git apply -v patch-name.patch

Apply a patch created using format-patch
git am patch1.patch

Create a tag
git tag 7.x-1.3

Push a tag
git push origin 7.x-1.3

Create a branch
git checkout master
git branch new-branch-name
Here master is the starting point for the new branch. Note that with these 2 commands we don’t move to the new branch, as we are still in master and we would need to run git checkout new-branch-name. The same can be achieved using one single command: git checkout -b new-branch-name

Checkout a branch
git checkout new-branch-name
See commit history for just the current branch
git cherry -v master
(master is the branch you want to compare)

Merge branch commits
git checkout master
git merge branch-name
Here we are merging all commits of branch-name to master.

Merge a branch without committing
git merge branch-name –no-commit –no-ff

See differences between the current state and a branch
git diff branch-name

See differences in a file, between the current state and a branch
git diff branch-name path/to/file

Delete a branch
git branch -d new-branch-name

Push the new branch
git push origin new-branch-name

Get all branches
git fetch origin

Get the git root directory
git rev-parse –show-toplevel
Source: http://stackoverflow.com/q/957928/1391963

Remove from repository all locally deleted files
git rm $(git ls-files –deleted)
Source: http://stackoverflow.com/a/5147119/1391963

Delete all untracked files
git clean -f
Including directories:

git clean -f -d
Preventing sudden cardiac arrest:

git clean -n -f -d
Source: http://stackoverflow.com/q/61212/1391963

Show total file size difference between two commits
Short answer: Git does not do that.
Long answer: See http://stackoverflow.com/a/10847242/1391963

Unstage (undo add) files:
git reset HEAD file.txt

See closest tag
git describe –tags `git rev-list –tags –max-count=1`
Source. See also git-describe.

http://orga.cat/posts/most-useful-git-commands

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